What is a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is an invaluable test which enables a physician to detect disorders of the colon such as colitis, polyps and colon cancer. Though colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths, it is 90% curable if discovered early. For this reason alone, all those over 50 years of age, statistically the most vulnerable age group, should have a colonoscopy every five to ten years.

During the examination, a flexible tube is inserted through the patient's anus, into the rectum, and through the length of the colon (4-6 feet). This instrument is called a colonoscope. Its tip is fitted with a light and a video camera. The doctor is able to watch its progress through the entire bowel on a monitor beside the patient's bed. If he sees a suspicious polyp, it can be snipped off by the colonoscope for later biopsy. He will also check for actual tumors or any suspicious-looking tissue. During the test, the patient may be lightly sedated or under total anaesthetic, depending on the preference of the doctor.

Many patients feel the preparations for a colonoscopy are the worst part of the test. To assure clear and accurate images, the colon must be free of solid waste. Only drinks of clear fluids are allowed for two to three days ahead of time. On the day or evening before, the patient must take a laxative preparation and drink large quantities of water. It is necessary to spend these hours at home, close to toilet facilities. By bedtime, you will be quite certain that your intestines are completely clean.

Truthfully, the test is not pleasant, but neither is it very painful. Your doctor may even agree to let you sleep through it. If you are fifty or older, or if your have any the risk factors for colorectal cancer, you would be well-advised to have this examination. Risk factors include: having a family history of this cancer, having inflammatory bowel disease, smoking, being obese, or eating a high-fat, low-fiber diet.

When the test is over, and you've been assured your colon is healthy, the satisfaction you'll feel will be worth any discomfort you may have experienced. Be ready to accept hugs of relief from the family and loved ones. Most enjoyable of all will be the expressions of admiration from friends and acquaintances who should undergo a colonoscopy, and are trying to work up the courage.